About Lycaenidae

The Lycaenidae family, often called blues, coppers, or hairstreaks, includes over 6,000 species, making it one of the largest butterfly families in the order Lepidoptera. These butterflies are typically small, with wingspans ranging from 1 to 5 cm, and are renowned for their brilliant blue, copper, or green wings, especially in males. Many Lycaenidae species have a unique mutualistic relationship with ants, where their larvae secrete a sugary substance that ants consume in exchange for protection from predators.

This page serves as a gateway to explore the many genera and species within the Lycaenidae family. Use the pagination below to browse species by letter, or read on to learn more about their key characteristics and distribution.

Key Genera of Lycaenidae

• Callophrys: Known as green hairstreaks, this genus includes species like Callophrys rubi, found in Europe and Asia, with vibrant green wings and a preference for scrublands and woodlands.
• Lycaena: The copper butterflies, such as Lycaena phlaeas (Small Copper), are widespread in temperate regions, displaying striking orange or copper-colored wings and thriving in grasslands.
• Polyommatus: A diverse genus of blue butterflies, including Polyommatus icarus (Common Blue), found across Europe and Asia, known for their bright blue wings and meadow habitats.

Distribution and Habitat

Lycaenidae butterflies are found worldwide, except in Antarctica, with high diversity in tropical and temperate regions. In North America, species like the Callophrys gryneus (Juniper Hairstreak) inhabit forests and shrublands. In Africa and Asia, genera like Polyommatus thrive in meadows and grasslands. European species, such as Lycaena dispar (Large Copper), are often found in wetlands and marshes.

These butterflies prefer habitats with abundant host plants for their larvae, such as legumes and oaks, and nectar sources for adults. Their association with ants often influences their choice of breeding sites. Conservation is critical for some Lycaenidae species, as habitat destruction and climate change impact their delicate ecosystems.