About Riodinidae

The Riodinidae family, commonly known as metalmark butterflies, comprises over 1,500 species, primarily found in the Neotropical region. These butterflies are part of the order Lepidoptera and are celebrated for their small size, vivid colors, and metallic wing markings that shimmer in the sunlight. Unlike their close relatives, the Lycaenidae, Riodinidae butterflies often have unique wing shapes and patterns, making them a favorite among collectors and researchers. Many species exhibit behaviors such as perching with wings open to display their striking designs.

This page serves as a gateway to explore the many genera and species within the Riodinidae family. Use the pagination below to browse species by letter, or read on to learn more about their key characteristics and distribution.

Key Genera of Riodinidae

• Ancyluris: A Neotropical genus found in Central and South America, known for their bright red and black wings. A notable species is Ancyluris jurgensenii, often seen in rainforest understories.
• Calephelis: This genus includes North American metalmarks, such as Calephelis virginiensis (Little Metalmark), found in grassy habitats and wetlands of the southeastern United States.
• Emesis: A diverse genus with species like Emesis lucinda, found in tropical forests of South America. These butterflies often have intricate patterns with metallic green or bronze hues.
• Rhetus: Known for their striking blue and orange wings, Rhetus species like Rhetus periander are common in Central and South American rainforests, often perching on leaves to display their colors.

Distribution and Habitat

Riodinidae butterflies are predominantly found in the Americas, with the highest diversity in tropical regions of Central and South America. Genera like Ancyluris and Emesis thrive in rainforests, cloud forests, and forest edges, where they feed on nectar and utilize host plants for their larvae. In North America, species like Calephelis virginiensis are found in open habitats such as prairies, marshes, and coastal plains. Some Riodinidae species are highly localized, making them vulnerable to habitat loss from deforestation and urbanization.

These butterflies prefer warm, humid environments with abundant nectar sources and specific host plants. Conservation efforts are critical for many Riodinidae species, as their restricted ranges and specialized habitats face ongoing threats from environmental changes.