Gandaca Species

• Gandaca harina: The Tree Yellow, found in South and Southeast Asia, thrives in lowland forests with bright yellow wings and black borders.
• Gandaca semperi: Native to the Philippines, this species prefers tropical rainforests with pale yellow wings and minimal markings.

Gonepteryx Species

• Gonepteryx rhamni: The Common Brimstone, widespread in Europe and temperate Asia, inhabits woodlands and meadows with vivid yellow wings.
• Gonepteryx cleopatra: The Cleopatra, found in Southern Europe and North Africa, prefers sunny hillsides with yellow wings and orange markings.